What does characterization involve in literature?

Characterization involves the process by which an author reveals the personality, traits, and motivations of characters in a story. This can be done through direct methods, where the author explicitly describes a character, or through indirect methods, where the character's traits are revealed through their actions, thoughts, dialogue, and interactions with others. Characterization is essential because it helps readers understand the characters on a deeper level, creating emotional connections and driving the narrative forward. By effectively developing characters, an author can explore themes and evoke empathy, which enriches the reading experience.