What is "symbolism" in literature?

Symbolism in literature refers to the use of symbols—objects, characters, figures, or colors—to represent abstract ideas and concepts. This literary device allows writers to convey deeper meanings beyond the literal interpretation of the text. For instance, a dove often symbolizes peace, while a dark storm cloud might represent impending doom or conflict. By employing symbolism, the author can evoke emotional responses and connect readers to themes or messages that resonate on a more profound level.

The other options highlight different literary techniques or elements that do not align with the concept of symbolism. For instance, the first choice focuses on characters and humor, which pertains more to character development and tone rather than the underlying meanings conveyed through symbols. The third option discusses the integration of historical events, which relates to historical context but not specifically to symbolism in conveying ideas. Lastly, the fourth choice addresses how sound is represented in written language, which is relevant to phonetics or auditory imagery rather than the symbolic representation of ideas. Therefore, the correct choice captures the essence of symbolism effectively.