What is the technique called when an author explicitly describes a character's traits?

The technique used when an author explicitly describes a character's traits is known as direct characterization. In this approach, the author provides clear and straightforward information about a character's personality, appearance, or motivations, allowing readers to understand the character in a direct manner. For instance, if an author writes, "She was a kind-hearted woman who always helped her neighbors," this leaves no ambiguity about the character's traits.

This method is effective because it sets a clear foundation for understanding the character as the story unfolds. In contrast, indirect characterization would involve showing the character's traits through their actions, dialogue, or interactions, requiring readers to infer their characteristics rather than being told outright. Other options like symbolism and foreshadowing serve different purposes in literature, focusing on deeper meanings and hints about future events, respectively, rather than character traits.