What literary device involves presenting material that occurred earlier than the present tense of the narrative?

The literary device that presents material that occurred earlier than the current action of the narrative is known as a flashback. This technique allows the author to provide background information, context, or character backstories, enriching the reader's understanding of the present events in the story. By incorporating flashbacks, writers can create deeper emotional connections and reveal critical information that shapes characters' motivations and experiences.

Flashbacks can appear in various forms, such as a character remembering a past event, a dream sequence, or even a visual memory. By contrasting past experiences with present circumstances, flashbacks can enhance themes and plot development, making the narrative more dynamic and engaging for readers.