Which of the following best defines characterization?

Characterization refers to the methods an author uses to create and develop characters within a narrative. This development can occur through direct characterization, where the author explicitly describes a character’s traits, or through indirect characterization, where the character's personality is revealed through their actions, dialogue, thoughts, and interactions with other characters. Understanding characterization is crucial because it allows readers to engage with and form emotional connections to the characters, which enhances their overall reading experience.

The other options do not correctly describe characterization. The sequence of events pertains to the plot, which is separate from how characters are developed. The central message or lesson is known as the theme and speaks to the broader ideas in a work. The use of language to convey tone relates to the author's style and mood rather than to character development specifically. Thus, option A stands out as the most accurate definition of characterization.